Dejazmach <\/em>Belay \u00a0Zeleke (\u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12d8\u1208\u1240 ) \u00a0an Ethiopian and \u00a0Omar Muktar (\u00a0\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u00a0) \u00a0\u00a0a Libyan, \u00a0fought\u00a0 \u00a0successfully against the expansion of \u00a0Fascism \u00a0in \u00a0the African continent.<\/p>\n

Belaye was born in 1896 in Bichena district in Gojjam province of Ethiopia. \u00a01896 is a historical and \u00a0\u00a0symbolical year for all Africans, a year the King of Kings of Ethiopia Menlik II won the war in Adwa and stopped the African Scramble led by the Italian Army from Eritrean colony.
\nOmar Mukhtar was born in Benghazi,\u00a0Libya 1862 in mist of the new effervescence \u00a0\u00a0Muhammad Ibn Ali s-Sanussiy Islamic movement in Libya.\u00a0 Sanussiy established a powerful religious movement \u00a0\u00a0from Walad Sidi Abdalla tribe tracing his descent from Fatimah, the daughter of Mohammed. Sanussiy\u2018s took over Libya and start resistance against Ottoman occupation. The New insurgency against Fascism after Italian \u00a0victory over the Turks was led by Omar Mukhtar. Mukhtar\u00a0 , The Elected One<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0 led this \u00a0highly\u00a0 closed movement of Sanussiy \u00a0which \u00a0 become the \u00a0bases of Islamic\u00a0 resistance against\u00a0 the African Scramble \u00a0in Sahara\u00a0 and\u00a0 fought the French in Chad \u00a0and the Italian in the North.<\/p>\n

In 1911 the Italy organized an African conquest as revenge \u00a0\u00a0to the 15 years old defeat in Abyssinia by Menlik II. \u00a0Libya & Italy, \u00a0as a part of ancient Carthaginian civilization, was \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0highly connected in their historical past become\u00a0 the center of Italian ambition\u00a0 as a stepping\u00a0\u00a0 stone for \u00a0North and \u00a0East African conquest. Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini launched his infamous “Riconquista” of Libya as a reminiscence \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0of the Roman Empire, calling back\u00a0\u00a0the original\u00a0conquest\u00a0 2000 years before.\u201d<\/p>\n

Italy successfully dislocated the Turks from the costs of Libya in the \u201cTripolitania war” which lasted\u00a0 \u00a0from 9, 1911 to October 18, 1912. The war of Tripolitania has marked history and become the turning point to Italian\u00a0abolition\u00a0in the north and eastern Africa :-<\/p>\n

1. <\/em>It \u00a0was at Tripolitania \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0that\u00a0 the future\u00a0 of modern Libya and Turkey was\u00a0 sealed and\u00a0 become the seedbed\u00a0 for the \u00a0for the coming \u00a0 WWI,<\/em>
\n2. \u00a0 the War of Tripolitania<\/em> provoked \u00a0\u00a0the Serbian nationalism \u00a0and the long \u00a0process of Balkanization \u00a0of the region leading to the WWI;<\/em>
\n3. \u00a0It was in the \u00a0War of Tripolitania<\/em>is \u00a0that the future founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal (Atat\u00fcrk) showed his performance and d<\/span>istinguished himself as a great leader.<\/em>
\n4. <\/em>After the war of \u00a0Tripolitania \u00a0the Italina\u00a0brought Eritreans\u00a0 to fight against \u00a0against Omar Muktar;<\/em>
\n5. <\/em>It was \u00a0from this experience \u00a0\u00a0and massacre of the Libyan at Tripolitania\u00a0that \u00a0Italy lunched \u00a0a chemical war against \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ethiopia \u00a0by plane for the first time ;<\/em>
\n6. \u00a0It \u00a0was the \u00a0war of \u00a0Tripolitania \u00a0which <\/em>gave the birth of the Omar Muktar on the mountains of <\/em>Jabal al-Akhdar in <\/em>Cyrenaica<\/em> <\/em>.<\/em>
\n7. \u00a0 I<\/em>t was\u00a0after <\/em>Tripolitania the destiny of Ethiopia’s \u00a0 \u00a0Belay Zeleke was sealed \u00a0by the following \u00a0fascist attack of his country in 1934 announcing the WWII.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Italy \u00a0 made her first victory \u00a0against the \u00a0the Ottoman Turks since the great defeat with Ethiopia in 1896. Turkey never able to\u00a0reorganize\u00a0itself since \u00a0coming out of the War of Crimea against \u00a0Russia. Italy used her Ascari\u00a0 Eritrean soldiers\u00a0 giving the last \u00a0blow to the Ottoman Empire which occupied the known world for over 700 years(1299 to 1923) . Furthermore, \u00a0Italy from this victory against the once strong Ottoman Empire starts having ambition to rebuild Rome \u00a0as in the past. It was \u00a0Tripolitania \u00a0that the 2^{nd<\/sup> trumpet was \u00a0\u00a0 blown against \u00a0Abyssinia. \u00a0Mussolini\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0started \u00a0preparing for\u00a0 a long drown in \u00a0 East African invasion by preparing over 60 thousand \u00a0thousands \u00a0Eritrean \/ Somalian Ascari<\/strong> as \u00a0an indigenous soldiers from\u00a0East Africa. They were enrolled in the Corps of Colonial TroopsRegio Corpo di Truppe Coloniali.<\/em> <\/em>Ascari \u00a0troops played an important role in the conquest of the various colonial possessions of the\u00a0Kingdom of Italy, further organized as a full \u00a0garrison in war and \u00a0internal security forces in time of \u00a0peace in the short lived East African \u00a0Italian Empire. They were prepared \u00a0mainly \u00a0were \u00a0employed against the Omar Mukhtar\u2019s resistance in Libya \u00a0and Belay\u2019s rebellion \u00a0in Ethiopia .<\/p>\n}

After the defeat of the previous Turkish rulers of the coast of\u00a0Tripolitania and\u00a0Cyrenaica had been \u00a0occupied, Omar al Mukhtar organized the resistance of the Islamic \u00a0Senussi <\/em>orders\u00a0. He\u00a0successfully\u00a0\u00a0led a fierce\u00a0guerrilla war against the \u00a0Italian occupiers in the mountains of Jabal al-Akhdar in\u00a0Cyrenaica up unto \u00a0his\u00a0capture\u00a0and \u00a0execution\u00a0\u00a0in 1931, which marked \u00a0the end of the\u00a0Libyan\u00a0war \u00a0and the\u00a0beginning\u00a0 of the Italian east\u00a0African\u00a0adventure\u00a0against\u00a0Belaye Zeleke for 5 years in the Nile region.<\/p>\n

Belay \u00a0reached\u00a0 to maturation\u00a0 and he was a man of 40 when the Italian bombarded\u00a0 Ethiopia \u00a0after killing over 200, 000 civilians \u00a0Cyrenaica \u00a0and Tripolitania, but in\u00a0Ethiopia\u00a0they used chlorine gas \u00a0killing over 1 .5 million Ethiopians.\u00a0\u00a0In 1936\u00a0war , the Ethiopians \u00a0front was forced to retreat \u00a0\u00a0by sophisticated \u00a0Italian war machine\u00a0 prepared to revenge the 1896 European defeat using\u00a0poisonous\u00a0gas . A a \u00a0bloody battle was fought in \u00a0Tembien in Tigray, and \u00a0Maichew in Wollo which cost \u00a0a lot of lives in both sides .\u00a0Mostly\u00a0the Eritrean Ascari and Ethiopians scored the\u00a0highest\u00a0victims.<\/p>\n

Italy’s\u00a0\u00a0revenge \u00a0on Ethiopia was to use its own people \u00a0the Eritreans\u00a0against\u00a0herself . This was done by preparing over \u00a060,000 \u00a0 Ascaris led by \u00a0veterans \u00a0of 1896 \u00a0African war\u00a0where 5,000 Eritrean Ascaris were killed. This methodology used by the Italian fascists in its East and north African Champagne \u00a0against\u00a0 Belay Zeleke’s \u00a0troops and earlier against Omar Muktar in Libya. A best\u00a0 way to reduce the fascist victims \u00a0and letting the \u00a0Africans \u00a0to kill one another and eventually reduce the population of\u00a0 occupied territories was the Mussolines master plan agisnt the\u00a0Abyssinias\u00a0\u00a0in Eritrea and Ethiopia.<\/p>\n

King of Kings \u00a0Haile Selassie left the country\u00a0 to go to Europe \u00a0for a demand \u00a0to stop the genocide of his people by the fascist regime of Mussolini, presenting his case in front of the League without any success.<\/p>\n

The internal rebellion was organized \u00a0and led by\u00a0Ethiopia \u00a0patriots \u00a0 especially that of Belay Zeleke . His insurgency in Gojjam \u00a0killed many fascist soldiers even capture a general. He stopped the Italian\u00a0 troops to cross the Nile and occupy is definitively. His\u00a0\u00a0rebellion in the \u00a0region of Gojjam block the Italian from crossing the \u00a0the Nile region successfully.<\/p>\n

In early 1931,\u00a0\u00a0Mukhtar\u00a0 after 20 years struggle \u00a0was \u00a0wounded \u00a0and captured by the Italian fighters.\u00a0Omar \u00a0Mukhtar was tried by the fascist marshal court \u00a0 \u00a0\u201cconvicted\u201d and was \u00a0hanged on September 16, 1931 at his refusal to recognize Libya as\u00a0 a part of Italian territory , and was hanged declaration:-<\/p>\n

“Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji’un.” (“To God we belong and to Him we shall return.”).<\/em><\/p>\n

The death of Omar Mukhtar is glorious since he died in the hand of his enemies, but that of\u00a0 Belay Zeleke was \u00a0shamefully and \u00a0brutally executed by the order of \u00a0his own Emperor after being imprisoned. The principal reason \u00a0was the fear of the emperor \u00a0to his rebellion \u00a0if he was left as a governor of his\u00a0 liberated region of Gojjam and \u00a0\u00a0Eastern Wello the land of his mother, \u00a0rather he was demoted as a ruler of a smaller district \u00a0in Gojjam which he contested . \u00a0In history of Ethiopia there was no\u00a0 king who left his people in war time\u00a0 and went to \u00a0exile\u00a0\u00a0 and came back\u00a0 to power, except the Negus . The king of kings Tewoderos died fighting the\u00a0 British in 1868 in Mekedla, \u00a0and the King of Kings Yohanus IV died fighting the Dervish in \u00a0Metema. \u00a0The second\u00a0 ruler who shamefully abandoned Ethiopia to the dictatorial regime of Melese is Mengistue Haile Mariam today lamenting in exile in Zimbabwe.\u00a0 The post war true power of Ethiopia belonged to Belay\u00a0 according to the Ethiopian legacy a hero\u00a0defeating\u00a0the\u00a0enemy\u00a0always was\u00a0coroneted\u00a0as a king. The king himself came through the liberated territory of Gojjam with the help of the British\u00a0 and\u00a0 the support of \u00a0Belaye Zeleke whom he met in Debere Marcos the capital his\u00a0 liberated region\u00a0 Gojjam in 1941. But\u00a0Emperor\u00a0later corrected the error\u00a0committed\u00a0by \u00a0the court and \u00a0visited Gojjam, \u00a0compensated\u00a0the heroes of the land\u00a0and\u00a0let the\u00a0peasantry\u00a0live free of tax.<\/p>\n

In his hanging Belay Zeleke \u00a0regretted that he did not die in hand of his enemy. \u00a0In the following three decades his region revolted and fought three wars \u00a0and \u00a0 become ungovernable to the last days of the Emperor.<\/p>\n